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JLPT N3 Grammar

ないことには～ない

N3Obligation

N3 · Obligation · nai-form verb + ないことには〜ない

Meaning

cannot...unless...

Structure

nai-form verb + ないことには〜ない

Explanation

ないことには〜ない clearly means the latter cannot happen unless the former condition is met.

Usage

It is common for judgment, taking action, or reaching conclusions.

Example

本人に聞かないことには、本当の理由は分かりません。

Unless we ask the person, we cannot know the real reason.

Common Mistake

Do not confuse it with obligation なければならない.

Memory Tip

Memorize “nai-form verb + ないことには～ない” as one fixed chunk, then practice by replacing words in the example sentence. Learn the connection first, then the nuance.

Study Status

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