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JLPT N3 Grammar

によって / による

N3手段・原因

N3 · 手段・原因 · noun + によって / noun + による + noun

by; due to; depending on

noun + によって / noun + による + noun

Can indicate means, cause, basis, or the source of variation. The exact meaning depends on the following clause.

による modifies a following noun. For 'varies by person,' 人によって違う is common.

申し込み方法によって、必要な書類が少し違います。

The required documents differ slightly depending on the application method.

Do not replace every で with によって; for ordinary tools, で is often more natural.

When the result changes with the basis, によって fits.

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