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JLPT N1 Grammar

もしくは

N1Parallel

N1 · Parallel · noun + もしくは + noun

or; otherwise

noun + もしくは + noun

もしくは is a formal connector for alternatives, meaning A or B.

It is common in rules, applications, and explanatory writing.

本人確認書類として、運転免許証もしくはパスポートを提示してください。

Please show a driver’s license or passport as identification.

Do not confuse it with および; it indicates alternatives.

A formal “or.”

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